The rumen microbiota and its role in dairy cow production and health

Description

Ruminants have a complex microbial community inhabiting their gastrointestinal tract. In particular, rumen microbiota converts lignocellulose material to nutrients and energy, which dictate to the animal’s performance through a host–microbe symbiotic relationship. Owing to their significant role in ruminant agriculture, rumen microbes have been extensively studied since the 1950s, and progress in this research has accelerated by the application of molecular biological techniques since late 1990s. This chapter summarizes current knowledge about rumen microbial diversity, ecology, function and relationships with host phenotypes. Further, it covers current trends and innovations, including ‘omics’ approaches and applications to study rumen microbiota, which have enabled us to identify rumen microbiota in depth and uncover new insights into the structure and function of this complex microbial community. Finally, knowledge gaps and future directions for research into rumen microbiota and its importance in animal production and health are addressed.

Table of contents

1 Introduction 2 Diversity and function of rumen microbiota 3 Factors influencing composition of rumen microbiota 4 Current trends and innovations in studying the rumen microbiome: ‘omics’ approaches 5 Current trends and innovations in studying the rumen microbiota: linkage with host phenotypes 6 Altering rumen function by manipulating microbiota 7 Knowledge gaps and future directions 8 Conclusions 9 Where to look for further information 10 References